{"id":1243,"date":"2022-12-15T11:38:53","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T04:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shopbiz.vn\/?p=1243"},"modified":"2022-12-15T11:38:53","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T04:38:53","slug":"qua-nhan-sam-han-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elysostore.com\/vi\/qua-nhan-sam-han-quoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t FoxO3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n

Qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0<\/a>, ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, syringaresinol (c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u00edch tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gen. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a da v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a da, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 lipofuscin (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 do tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \/ s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\"Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin<\/strong> l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u201c\u0111\u1ed1m tu\u1ed5i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ed1m gan\u201d. S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c hay lipofuscin<\/strong>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, lipofuscin<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Oxidative stress<\/strong> v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n

D\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MNT1 kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c syringaresinol. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m melanin v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tyrosinase (S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da melanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tyrosinase). Ch\u1ee7ng N2 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Caenorhabditis elegans* \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu. M\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m hu\u1ef3nh quang lipofuscin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong 10 l\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng syringaresinol.<\/p>\n

*Caenorhabditis elegans l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i giun tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do (kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd sinh), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0sinh v\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Tyrosinase
Tyrosinase<\/strong> l\u00e0 enzyme ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t melanin<\/strong>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 (melanin<\/strong>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a da d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn da b\u1ecb s\u1eabm m\u00e0u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb 7 ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tyrosinase h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, syringaresinol. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gen tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd foxo3a. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 lipofuscin.<\/p>\n

\"Qu\u1ea3
Qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m<\/strong> ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t Syringaresinol<\/strong>, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin<\/strong> v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tyrosinase<\/strong> h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m trung gian cho vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u2013 FoxO3a.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, Caenorhabditis elegans, Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, lipofuscin, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da, qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"FOXO3
FOXO3<\/strong> l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Oxidative Stress. FOXO3<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 [1], ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi [2] v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng [3], m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DNA, RNA v\u00e0 protein [4]. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh [5], [6]. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ginsenoside nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o [7]. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ginsenoside Re v\u00e0 vitamin E [8].<\/p>\n

\"Ginsenoside
Ginsenoside Re l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Re \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi\u00ean m\u00e3 xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c\/\u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn l\u1edbp O (FoxO) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd [9], [10]. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 FoxO c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 insulin, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng insulin (IGF), oxidative stress*, cytokine** v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

\"Cytokin
Cytokin l\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trung gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u. Cytokine tham gia v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i, sinh s\u1ea3n, t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, vi\u00eam.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Notes: \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

*Oxidative stress\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, ung th\u01b0, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan, th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026.<\/p>\n

**Cytokine l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i m\u00f4 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u00eam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Cytokine kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hormon, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “hormon t\u1ebf b\u00e0o”.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Oxidative
Oxidative Stress (Stress Oxi h\u00f3a) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra Oxidative Stress.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t FoxO3a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n syringaresinol c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ea3 thi cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t syringaresinol c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. Khi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 syringaresinol th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi protein gen ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a FoxO3a. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a FoxO3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a Caenorhabditis elegans<\/strong> khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng N2 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng syringaresinol t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 lipofuscin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i \u1edf da ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\"Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis elegans<\/strong> (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C. elegans<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i giun nh\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t milimet, trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd sinh. Lo\u00e0i giun n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt m\u1eabu trong sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

2.1. Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans)<\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng d\u1ea1i C. Elegans N2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung t\u00e2m Di truy\u1ec1n Caenorhabditis (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, Hoa K\u1ef3) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng C. elegans \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf 20\u00b0C. Giun n\u1edf (\u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eadc 1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a th\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y \u1edf 20\u00b0C v\u1edbi Escherichia coli OP50 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng L4.<\/p>\n

\"Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis elegans<\/strong> \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2.2. Panax ginseng* v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m<\/h3>\n

*Panax ginseng (Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng Siberia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sau khi nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m Panax t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 v\u1ecf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp. Sau khi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng etanol 70% trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u trong 10 gi\u1edd, d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, dung d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf -20\u00b0C cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ginsenoside, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch s\u1eafc k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACQUITY UPLC (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA). C\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (1,7 \u03bcm, 2,1 mm \u00d7 50 mm). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khay l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf 40\u00b0C v\u00e0 10\u00b0C. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi MassLynx phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 4.1 (Waters Co.).<\/p>\n

\"Panax
Panax Ginseng<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “root of life”, d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Panax Ginseng<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vua ch\u00faa Trung Hoa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i vi\u00ean quan b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i [B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a d\u1ecbch]: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5489743\/<\/a><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

3.1. Qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc Syringaresinol<\/strong> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/h3>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0103n v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh [22]. Qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kali ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t phytochemical<\/strong> c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [23], [24]. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ginsenoside nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o [7].<\/p>\n

\"Ch\u1ea5t
Ch\u1ea5t phytochemical<\/strong> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0103n (ho\u1eb7c n\u00ean \u0103n) h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u1ea5t phytochemical<\/strong> gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u cam cho qu\u1ea3 cam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2u t\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00fang ta — nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t phytochemical<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eafc t\u1ed1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch l\u0169y h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MNT1, r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c (H\u00ecnh 1A, 1B).<\/p>\n

\"H\u00ecnh
H\u00ecnh 1A v\u00e0 1B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

R\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tyrosinase:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • (A) C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MNT1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m trong 48 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 melanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb sau khi h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c vi\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong NaOH 1N.<\/li>\n
  • (B) N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 melanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c vi\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00f2a tan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 490nm b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 UV-vis (Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, Sunnyvale, CA, Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o protein.<\/li>\n
  • (C) Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tyrosinase \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 490 nm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 UV-vis v\u1edbi melanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) b\u1edfi tyrosinase c\u00f3 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ly gi\u1ea3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nhau (10 \u03bcg). D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng trung b\u00ecnh \u00b1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n. * p <0,05 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t Sinh vi\u00ean hai \u0111u\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a do tyrosinase x\u00fac t\u00e1c [25]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tyrosinase n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 (H\u00ecnh 1A\u20131C).<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ginsenoside cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi r\u1ec5 [23]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c [26]. Do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c trong qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ginsenosides.<\/p>\n

    G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t lignan, syringaresinol {4,4\u2032-(1S,3aR,4S,6aR)-tettrahydro-1H,3H-furo [3,4-c]furan-a,4-diylbis (2,6-dimethoxyphenol)}, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m Panax v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen SIRT1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u00f4 [27]. V\u00ec syringaresinol c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do thi\u1ebfu oxy\/t\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a [28], t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi stress oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do syringaresinol – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng syringaresinol l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eafc t\u1ed1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ginsenoside v\u00e0 syringaresinol trong r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p HPLC [29]. Syringaresinol ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m (H\u00ecnh 2A). Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m melanin v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 syringaresinol. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 melanin b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi syringaresinol (H\u00ecnh 2B, 2C) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tyrosinase (H\u00ecnh 2D). Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t syringaresinol c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

    \"H\u00ecnh
    H\u00ecnh 2A-2D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tyrosinase, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, syringaresinol:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • (A) L\u01b0\u1ee3ng syringaresinol trong r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh (ug\/mL) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 melanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung sau khi h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c vi\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong NaOH 1N (B) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (C).<\/li>\n
    • Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tyrosinase c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o (D). R\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c syringaresinol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MNT1 trong 48 gi\u1edd. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng trung b\u00ecnh \u00b1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n. * p <0,05 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t c\u1ee7a Sinh vi\u00ean hai \u0111u\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3.2. Chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a FoxO3a b\u1eb1ng syringaresinol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1.<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t lignan th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat [30], [31], [32]. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc oxy h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p melanin, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a syringaresinol b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb7t g\u1ed1c DPPH v\u00e0 hydro peroxide c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m cho th\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i oxy ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ROS), syringaresinol th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (H\u00ecnh 3A, 3B).<\/p>\n

      \"M\u1eb7c
      H\u00ecnh 3A, 3B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i [17], ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung gian b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gen tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, FoxO3a, th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t FoxO3a. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t FoxO3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m (chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 syringaresinol) g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a FoxO3a, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a FoxO3a trong nh\u00e2n (H\u00ecnh 4A, 4B). T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a FoxO3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 melanin (H\u00ecnh 2, H\u00ecnh 4B). Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung gian ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 FoxO3a.<\/p>\n

      \"Vi\u1ec7c
      H\u00ecnh 4A, 4B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      R\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 syringaresinol g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a FoxO3a.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • (A) C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MNT1 trong 48 gi\u1edd. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 antiFoxO3a (FoxO3a; m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) v\u00e0 4\u2032,6\u2013diamidino\u20132\u2013phenylindole (DAPI) (nh\u00e2n; m\u00e0u xanh lam). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi qu\u00e9t laser \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau (LSM7, Carl Zeiss, NY, USA) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      • (B) C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a FoxO3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi qu\u00e9t laser \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng trung b\u00ecnh \u00b1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n. Thanh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 = 100 m. Ph, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n pha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.3. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u1edf C. Elegans v\u00e0 t\u0103ng sinh nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lignans [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a syringaresinol. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7ng N2 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean C. Elegans nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 syringaresinol. Syringaresinol \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a N2 t\u1eeb 27,8% \u0111\u1ebfn 38,1% trong ph\u1ea1m vi li\u1ec1u 250\u2013500nM (H\u00ecnh 5A, 5B v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng 1). T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a syringaresinol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t r\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m (7,3% v\u00e0 17,8% \u1edf 10\u201350 \u03bcg\/mL) v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m (17,2% v\u00e0 23,6% \u1edf 10\u201350 \u03bcg\/mL). Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n FoxO3a (H\u00ecnh 4, H\u00ecnh 5B). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t gen k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

        \"t\u00e1c
        H\u00ecnh 5A-5D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh. R\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m v\u00e0 syringaresinol t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng Caenorhabditis elegans lo\u1ea1i N2 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb sinh t\u1ed3n (A) v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh (B) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Kaplan\u2013Meier. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 sung. (C, D) C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 lipofuscin trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i \u1edf da ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i \u1edf da c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef 28 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nam gi\u1edbi 56 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng 100\u2013500nM syringaresinol trong 10 l\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lipofuscin t\u00edch l\u0169y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o (C) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb (D). M\u1ee9c lipofuscin t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi qu\u00e9t laze \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 350 nm; Em: 420 nm). C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 pixel trung b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed7i \u00f4. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n trung b\u00ecnh \u00b1 c\u1ee7a ba th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: <\/em><\/p>\n