{"id":5742,"date":"2023-04-14T16:06:13","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T09:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shopbiz.vn\/kien-thuc\/dinh-duong-va-suc-khoe\/nguyen-ly-va-quy-trinh-bao-quan-thuc-pham.html"},"modified":"2023-04-14T16:06:13","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T09:06:13","slug":"nguyen-ly-va-quy-trinh-bao-quan-thuc-pham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elysostore.com\/vi\/nguyen-ly-va-quy-trinh-bao-quan-thuc-pham\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng (gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) do vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a<\/b> ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o<\/b> g\u00e2y \u00f4i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a n\u00e2u c\u1ee7a enzym trong t\u00e1o sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y<\/b> v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi n\u1eeda \u0111\u0129a \u0103n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u0103n kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20442 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 c\u1ed1c tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u0103n kho\u1ea3ng 2 c\u1ed1c tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 2,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 c\u1ed1c rau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n b\u1ed5 sung nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p cao<\/b>,<\/b> tim m\u1ea1ch<\/b>,<\/b> \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5<\/b> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch th\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau c\u1ee7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n listeria<\/b>,<\/b> vi khu\u1ea9n salmonella<\/b> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec sao m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n
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H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i di chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"L\u00e0m

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda nh\u01b0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp s\u00e1p th\u00ec n\u00ean d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i lau s\u1ea1ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m khi ch\u01b0a r\u1eeda. L\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn rau nhanh h\u1ecfng, ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda, rau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp n\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean r\u1eeda c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n
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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 Cornell, rau th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

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  • B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh (0 – 4 \u00b0 C)<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1ea9m m\u00e1t (4 – 10 \u00b0 C)<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1ea9m l\u1ea1nh (0 – 4 \u00b0 C)<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4 \u1ea5m (10 – 15 \u00b0 C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 \u00b0 C. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n k\u00e9o nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong kho l\u1ea1nh, \u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m: t\u00e1o<\/b>,<\/b> b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i xanh<\/b>,<\/b> c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t<\/b>,<\/b> rau di\u1ebfp, c\u00e0 t\u00edm.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong kho l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m: T\u1ecfi, h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u00e1p, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o bao g\u1ed3m: \u1edat cay, b\u00ed ng\u00f4<\/b>,<\/b> b\u00ed m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khoai lang<\/b>.<\/p>\n

    V\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean cho v\u00e0o t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c rau c\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1eaft. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1eaft trong t\u00fai nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9p k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    \"th\u1ef1c

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    B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
    \n

    2.1. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau c\u1ee7, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y trong t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung ch\u00fang v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c rau qu\u1ea3 theo m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00f3n sinh t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c rau s\u1ed1ng \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 trong h\u1ed9p k\u00edn. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xanh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau xanh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0103n s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 rau di\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

    2.2. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau c\u1ee7, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u0103n m\u00e1t hay ng\u0103n t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 m\u00e1t. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00e0 chua<\/b>,<\/b> chu\u1ed1i<\/b>,<\/b> khoai t\u00e2y<\/b> v\u00e0 chanh<\/b>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e0 chua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong tr\u00e1i c\u00e0 chua trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Sau khi r\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1eaft tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    3. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
    \n

    Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, n\u1ea5m men, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n: v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a, \u00f4i thiu, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c – v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ee5 gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    \"ch\u1ea5t

    \n
    Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
    \n

    C\u01a1 quan Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh, mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u201d. Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n